下书网

译海一粟:汉英翻译九百例全文阅读

外国小说文学理论侦探推理惊悚悬疑传记回忆杂文随笔诗歌戏曲小故事
下书网 > 文学理论 > 译海一粟:汉英翻译九百例

十六 反译

书籍名:《译海一粟:汉英翻译九百例》    作者:庄绎传
推荐阅读:译海一粟:汉英翻译九百例txt下载 译海一粟:汉英翻译九百例笔趣阁 译海一粟:汉英翻译九百例顶点 译海一粟:汉英翻译九百例快眼 译海一粟:汉英翻译九百例sodu
上一章目录下一章
    《译海一粟:汉英翻译九百例》十六 反译,页面无弹窗的全文阅读!



今天我们讨论“反译”的问题。我在学习过程中,经常看到这种现象。译文和原文叙事的角度不同,但意思是一样的。有时原文从正面说,译文却从反面说,有时原文从反面说,译文却从正面说。究其原因,似乎也难以说得清楚。我们也无法去问原译者,即或找到原译者,他也未必记得当时是怎么考虑的。因此,我们只好研究一下译文的效果,也许可以从中看出一点端倪。

例1

所以,有理想,有纪律,这两件事我们务必时刻牢记在心。(DⅢ112)

Ideals and discipline, then, are the two things we must never forget. (118)

此例若顺着原文的思路译,也可译作must always bear in mind。现译must never forget更为有力。

例2

永远不要过分突出我个人。我所做的事,无非反映了中国人民和中国共产党人的愿望。党的这些政策也是由集体制定的。在“文化大革命”前,我也是党的主要领导人之一,那时候的一些错误我也要负责的,世界上没有完人嘛。(DⅢ151)

I hope they will never give me too much prominence. What I have done represents the aspirations of the Chinese people and the Chinese Communists, that's all. And the Party's policies were worked out by the collective. Before the "cultural revolution" I was also one of the principal leaders of the Party, so I should also be held responsible for some of the mistakes made then. After all, no man on earth is without fault. (153)

此例原文第二句在靠近开头的地方用了“无非”二字,译文则在句末用了that's all。意思是一样的,但这样处理,整个句子尤其是开头部分干净利落,一目了然。原文最后提到“完人”,译文若用perfect一词,显得过分,不合分寸。《现代汉语词典》对“完人”的解释是:指没有缺点的人。这里译文用了without fault,真是恰到好处。

例3

只要双方采取合情合理的方式,边界问题我看是不难解决的。(DⅢ19)

As long as we go about it in a reasonable way, I think it will be easy for us to settle our border question. (29)

例4

现在欧洲在我们外贸中所占的比例不大,如果你们能占恰当的份额,我们是很高兴的。(DⅢ119)

Trade with Europe accounts for only a small proportion of our foreign trade. If it makes up a larger proportion in future, we shall be very pleased. (125)

此二例,“不难”没有译作not difficult而译作easy,“比例不大”也没有译作not a large proportion,而径直译作a small proportion。这样译显得态度明确,语气肯定。这种文风在外交场合是可取的。

例5

对那些真正有本事的人,要放手提拔,在工资级别上破格提高。招聘也是个办法。(DⅢ17-18)

People of genuine ability should be promoted without hesitation and given pay raises of more than one step at a time. It is also a good idea to invite people to apply for jobs. (27-28)

例6

……就必须大胆吸收和借鉴人类社会创造的一切文明成果(DⅢ373)

…we should not hesitate to draw on the achievements of all cultures (361)

例7

刑事案件、恶性案件大幅度增加,这种情况很不得人心。几年了,这股风不但没有压下去,反而发展了。原因在哪里?主要是下不了手,对犯罪分子打击不严、不快,判得很轻。对经济犯罪活动是这样,对抢劫、杀人等犯罪活动也是这样。(DⅢ33)

The number of crimes, including serious ones, has increased substantially, and the people are very disturbed about it. Over the past few years, far from being checked, the tendency has grown. Why is that? Chiefly because we have hesitated to take prompt and stern action to combat criminals and have given them very light sentences. This is true of both economic crimes and violent crimes such as robbery and murder. (44)

此处前二例提到“放手提拔”和“大胆吸收”,针对的情况是犹豫不定,下不了决心,而不是号召大家鼓起勇气,投入战斗,因此这里没有必要用bold或courageous之类的词,换一个角度来思考,用without hesitation或should not hesitate就行了。另外,第二例中“文明”一词译作culture,值得注意。第三例,“下不了手”,也是指犹豫不定,因此译作have hesitated。

例8

应该说改革是有点风险的。(DⅢ98)

The reform is not without certain risks. (104)

孤立地来看,也许看不出译文有什么好。我们不妨把上下文找出来,也许能看到一点线索。这句话的上下文是:

Why is it that we are now in a position to launch reform in the cities or, as we say, to dare "touch the tiger's rump"? The reform is not without certain risks. A recent example was the run on consumer goods in Beijing…. Why are we not afraid of it? Because….

在这个上下文里,译文若按原文的思路译作involves certain risks,则口气比较重。下文说“不怕”,可见没有什么了不起。现译作not without,则比较符合原文“有点风险”的口气。

例9

还有一些省犹疑徘徊,有的观望了一年才跟上,有的观望了两年才跟上。(DⅢ238)

Some provinces had misgivings about these principles and policies, and others didn't know what to think for one or two years, but in the end they all followed suit. (236)

此例译文的上面一句是:

It was on the basis of the experience accumulated by those two provinces that we worked out the principles and policies of reform.

此例译文的下面一句是:

The Central Committee's policy was to wait for them to be convinced by facts.

由此可见,当时各地情况不同,对改革的反应各异,中央也是采取等待他们觉悟的态度。“观望”一词诚然可以译作took a wait-and-see attitude,但现译didn't know what to think显得格外具体而生动。

例10

人还是这些人,地还是这块地,一改革,效益就上来了。(DⅢ165-166)The people haven't changed, and neither has the land. But the reform has brought increased efficiency. (168-169)

例11

当然分配中还会有差别,但我们的目的是共同富裕。(DⅢ255)

Naturally, the distribution is not entirely uniform, but our goal is common prosperity. (250-251)

例12

我们不是没有人才,问题是能不能很好地把他们组织和使用起来,把他们的积极性调动起来,发挥他们的专长。(DⅢ17)

We do have trained people, but the problem is how to organize them, arouse their enthusiasm and give full play to their special skills. (27)

例13

中国买外国产品总要有偿付能力。(DⅢ119)

China won't buy foreign products if it can't afford them.(125)

这几个例子也都各有自己的上下文,这里就不一一介绍了。

例14

理顺物价,改革才能加快步伐。(DⅢ262)

We cannot speed up the reform without rationalizing prices. (257)

例15

所以,不解决物价问题就不能放下包袱,轻装前进。(DⅢ262)

So if we want to lighten our burden and move forward, we have to solve the price problem. (257)

这两个例子很有趣。都是说的物价问题与改革的关系,意思相近,但第一例,原文用正说,译文用反说。第二例,则正好相反,原文用反说,译文用正说。看来用正说还是用反说,汉语没有一定之规,英语也没有一定之规,只是多一种说法,多一点选择的余地罢了。

既然在句子本身找不到为什么这样译的理由,那就跳出句子,到上下文里去找找线索吧。

第一例是一长段话的第一句。译文接下去说的是:

The problem of prices has remained unsolved for many years, during which the state set all the prices.

这样译,两句话衔接得比较紧一些。

第二例是同一段话告一段落的最后一句。前面的话,译文是:

This is contrary to the law of value. On the one hand, we cannot arouse the enthusiasm of the peasants for production, and on the other hand the state bears a heavy burden—that is, every year it must use tens of billions of yuan for subsidies. Consequently, the state doesn't have enough money for economic development, let alone for educational, scientific and cultural undertakings.

接下去,译文从lighten our burden入手,前后呼应,联系较紧。同时句子最后以solve the price problem结束,显得特别有力。

例16

我从此便整天的站在柜台里,专管我的职务。虽然没有什么失职,但总觉得有些单调,有些无聊。(孔乙己)

Thenceforward I stood all day behind the counter, fully engaged with my duties. Although I gave satisfaction at this work, I found it monotonous and futile.

例17

“取笑?要是不偷,怎么会打断腿?”孔乙己低声说道,“跌断,跌,跌……”他的眼色,很像恳求掌柜,不要再提。此时已经聚集了几个人,便和掌柜都笑了。(孔乙己)

"Joke? If you didn't steal, why did they break your legs?"

"I fell," said Kung in a low voice. "I broke them in a fall." His eyes pleaded with the tavern keeper to let the matter drop. By now several people had gathered round, and they all laughed.

原文“不要再提”也可译作not to mention the matter again,但比较平淡,据词典解释,If you let something drop, you abandon it and do not continue doing it。因此,译文let the matter drop用在这里,不仅恰当,而且生动。

例18

觉新:你那是纯粹小孩子的话,这件事只有慢慢——(家28)

Juexin: You are talking like a child. These things need time—

觉慧:慢慢,慢慢,现在事情都逼到头上了!

Juehui: Time! You don't have any more time!

例19

克明:人家冯家以孝起家。冯老太爷既然说要鸣凤为着侍奉老母,那自然就是。(家130)

Keming: The Feng family is widely acknowledged for its filial piety. What grounds do we have for doubting the Squire's word?

例20

瑞珏:啊,你看了我的书!(家180)

Jade: Oh, you have been reading my book!

觉新:你为什么要瞒我?

Juexin: Why didn't you tell me about it?

瑞珏:因为我,我就喜欢看这种小孩子看的书。

Jade: Because—because I love reading these children's books.

例21

瑞珏:你想想吧,你应该好好为着他想,也为着你自己——(家206)

Jade: You must consider what I said, for his sake and for your own—

梅芬:不要说笑话吧。

Plum: You can't be serious.

瑞珏:我不是说笑话啊。

Jade: But I am.

例22

瑞珏:三弟,你没走,太好了,不要走,爷爷还要找你谈呢!(家266)

Jade: Oh, Juehui, thank heavens you are still here! Don't go. Grandfather wants to talk to you.

例23

瑞珏:新!你——?(家266)

Jade: Oh, Juexin! Did you—?

觉新:太晚了。没有见着,已经——死了!

Juexin: Too late. Before I arrived, she—died!

原文“没有见着”怎么变成了Before I arrived? 这是因为前面一句Too late,就包含着没有见着的意思。这里用Before I arrived,完全是为了引出下文。

例24

觉新:觉慧,如果你真的要走了,为什么我们分别以前还要吵架呢?(家310-312)

Juexin: Juehui, if you are leaving, why should we part quarreling?

觉慧:不,大哥,我是舍不得跟你再吵了。不过我真是相信世上任何事,要做,都没有太晚了的时候。你不要消沉哪!

Juehui: No, Big Brother, I don't have the heart to quarrel with you anymore. But I do believe nothing is ever too late. You must not give up hope!

最后一句,觉慧劝他大哥“不要消沉”,译作must not give up hope,特别具有感染力,让他感到希望。

综上所述,无论是翻译政论、讲话,还是翻译文学作品,反译之法随时可见。有时是为了更好地掌握分寸,有时是为了使译文生动有力,有时是考虑风格上的需要,有时是照顾上下文的连贯,即便找不出任何理由,至少还可以算作一个译法,借以扩大选择的余地。手头上多一种译法,不也是一件好事吗?


上一章目录下一章
推荐书籍:译境 译诗漫笔 译心与译艺:文学翻译的究竟 翻译之艺术 大国大民:王志纲话说中国人 S-stories 第一辑·春天故事集 末日总在咫尺间:从青铜时代的崩溃到核浩劫 克鲁格曼的预言:美国新世纪经济迷航 施蒂格勒自传:一个自由主义经济学家的自白 政治算术:西蒙·库兹涅茨与经济学的实证传统