关于创新的社会背景的讨论,请参见H.G.Barneii,Innovation,The Basis of Cultural Change,New York,1953;J.D.Bernal,Science and Industry in the Nineteenth Century,London,1953;H.Butterfield,The Origins of Modern Science,London,1950;B.Farrington,Greek Science,London,1944;S.C.Gilfillan,The Sociology of Invention,Chicago,1936;H.S.Hatfield,The Inventor and His World,London,1953;S.Lilley,Men,Machines and History,London,1948;A.P.Usher,A History of Mechanical Invention,New York,1929。关于专利的讨论,可参见F.Machlup and E.F.Penrose,‘The Patent Controversy in the Nineteenth Century’,Journal of Economic History,May 1950.On mass education consult Fundamental Education,A Quarterly Bulletin,published by the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization,Paris,1949to date.On agricultural extension see E.S.Brunner,I.T.Sanders,and D.Ensminger,eds.,Farmers of the World,New York,1945;Agricultural Extension and Advisory Work,with Special Reference to the Colonies,His Majesty’s Stationery Office,London,1949.The adaptation of labour attitudes is discussed in W.E.Moore,Industrialization and Labour,New York,1951.;帮助小型企业主的历史案例请见Industrialization and the Gold Coast,Accra,1953.